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1. |
Adhara
Shadjam
-
The key note,
or the shruti
– it is the key
on which the
Shadjam of
the Madhya
sthayi is
placed. This
depends upon the
individual range
of voice.
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2. |
Arohanam
-
The ascending
notes of a
Ragam
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3. |
Avarohanam
-
The descending
notes of a
Ragam
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4. |
Jati of
the Ragam
-
Depending on
the number of
notes in the Arohanam and
Avarohanam.
If the Ragam
has 5 notes in
its Arohanam
and Avarohanam,
it is called Audhava Jati.
If the Ragam
has 6 Swarams
then it is Shadhava Jati
and if the Ragam uses
all the 7 Swaras, its
Jati is
termed as Sampurnam.
There can be a
combination of
Jatis
too.
If a Raga
has 5 notes in
Arohanam
and 7 in Avarohanam,
then the Jati
is Audhava
Sampurnam
and so on. Given
below are
examples of
Ragas having
different Jatis:-
-
Sampurnam
– Ragam
Kamavardhini
S R1 G3 M2 P D1
N3
-
Shadhavam
– Ragam Shree
Ranjini S R2
G2 M1 D2 N2
-
Audhavam
– Ragam
Shudha Saveri
S R2 M1 P D2
-
Audhava
Sampurnam –
Ragam
Bilahari S
R2 G3 P D2 S` -
S` N3 D2 P M1 G3
R2 S
-
Shadhava
Sampurnam –
Ragam Kamboji
S R2 G3 M1 P D2
S` - S` N3 D2 P
M1 G3 R2 S
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5. |
Pallavi
-
The first
section of all
compositions.
Excepting in Varnam, the
Pallavi is
repeated after
Anupallavi and
each Charanam.
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6. |
Anupallavi
-
The second
section of a
Krithi,
Keerthanam,
Varnam, etc.
It comes after
the Pallavi.
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7. |
Charanam
-
The third
section of the
composition .
Usually the
Pallavi is
repeated after
each Charanam.
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8. |
Chitta
Swaram -
It is the
different
permutations and
combinations of
the Swaras
of the Ragam
generally
performed by the
musician after
the
anupallavi
and charanam.
The Chitta
Swarams in
Varnams
are fixed –
being composed
by the
respective
composers. Some
Kirtanams
also have fixed
Chitta
Swarams.
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9. |
Dhatu
Swaram -
Singing of notes
of a Ragam
that are
separated by one
or more notes of
the Ragam
They enhance the
melodic aspect
of the Ragam.
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10. |
Janaka
Ragam -
A Ragam
with all the
seven notes - a
Sampurna
Ragam. The
Arohanam
and
Avarohanam
have the same
Swaras.
These Ragams
are also called
Melakarta
Ragams, Mela
Ragams, and
Karta Ragams.
They are 72 in
number and are
classified in a
formal manner,
the most basic
classification
being 36 with
Shuddha
Madhyamam
and 36 with
Prati Madhyamam.
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11. |
Janya Ragams
-
The Janya (born)
Ragams are
obtained from
the Mela Ragams
or Janaka
(parent) Ragams.
They usually
retain most of
the notes That
are given in the
Janaka Ragams.
They however,
can
(i) Have
different number
of Swaras/notes
in the Arohanam
and Avarohanam,
i.e., they need
not be Sampurna
in Jati, for eg.,
Ragam Mohanam.
(ii) They need
not have the
same Swaras or
the same number
of Swaras in the
Arohanam and
Avarohanam, for
eg., Ragam
Bilahari.
(iii)
They can have a zig-zag
patterning of
the Swaras in
the Arohanam and
Avarohanam for
example Ragam
Kadanakuthuhalam.
(iv) They can
also include Swaras that are
not part of the
Mela, for eg.,
Ragam Bhairavi.
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12. |
Jatiswaram
-
A
composition
similar to
Swarajati. It
does not have
Sahityam or text
matter. The
composition has
Pallavi,
Anupallavi, and
Charanam. Each
Charanam has a
different Dhatu.
Today
Jatiswarams are
more used in
classical
dances. Many
Jatiswarams have
been composed by
Shri Swati
Tirunal, Shri
Ponayya and Shri
Vadivelu. |
Music
Lessons
